John M. Shively From Kentucky To Missouri To Astoria, Clatsop County, Oregon

John M. Shively

Mention was made in communication this week about a Shively who lived in Astoria and was "run out of town".  The topic sounded too good to pass up and research was done to see if any information could be discovered on this subject.

The following newspaper article was extracted from The Oregonian, Friday, February 13, 1959, Page 17, Columns 1-6:

Now-Honored Astoria Postmaster Run Out Of Town In 1844

By Harold Hughes, Staff Writer, The Oregonian

John M. Shively, the man whom Oregonians and the vice president of the United States will honor in Centennial ceremonies Saturday at Astoria as the first postmaster west of the Rocky Mountains, was run out of town in 1844.

Shively, a surveyor who laid out the streets in Oregon City and later surveyed Astoria, got his pal, President James K. Polk, to appoint him postmaster in 1847. Shively wanted revenge and Polk wanted the post office as firm evidence of the United States' claim to the Oregon territory in the "54-40 or Fight" boundary dispute.

Shively crossed the plains in 1843, laid out Oregon City and moved on to Astoria, where he got himself a half of a donation land claim for his work in laying out Astoria.

Only there wasn't much of a town in Astoria then.  The fort had burned in 1818, and, in the words of Shively, the Hudson's Bay factor, Dr. John McLoughlin, had let the town become nothing "but a bald spot".

Although Shively had permission of the factor to lay out the town, Jesse Applegate, the famed wagon train leader, arrived in Astoria and presented Hudson's Bay letters which he attempted to palm off on Shively as deeds--at least this is the way Shively saw it in his later years.

"No powder was burned" between us, Shively reported, but "I pulled up Applegate's land stakes and threw them in the river".

An Indian was hired to chase a partner of Shively's out of town--and the partner fled. Shively stuck it out, even after another Indian who was a poor shot tried to kill him and missed.

Later, Shively and James Birnie, the Hudson's Bay officer, hired the Indian to do the shooting.

Shortly after the assassination try failed, a British man-of-war put in to Astoria and the captain threatened to have Shively put in irons and taken to Dr. McLoughlin's headquarters at Fort Vancouver.  The captain and Shively exchanged some lively conversation in which the surveyor was called "an impudent monkey".

Finally, the Hudson's Bay company succeeded in starving Shively out of Astoria. They refused to sell him any provisions.  Shively got in his canoe and paddled off up the Columbia River.

Months later he reached Washington, D.C., where he became the chief consultant with Congress on the boundary questioned raised in the "54-40 or Fight" affray with England. He got the ear of the President, who put through the post office measure, "without half of Congress knowing what they were voting on," Shively reported.

Shively came back to Astoria in triumph and set up in 1847 at what is now the corner of 15th and Exchange Streets in Astoria a post office in his residence.  It was the first post office west of the Rocky Mountains.

After the Polk administration, Shively lost his job to T. P. Powers, who promptly moved the post office to Upper Town, a rival section of Astoria, leaving Shively's Astoria barren of a post office.  But in 1861, Shively was again reappointed and he moved the post office back to his land claim.

Gold Rush Seen

While postmaster, Shively attempted to stimulate business (he insisted) by running off to California during the gold rush.  He swore in later years that he was not attracted by gold and would not have left "Uncle Sam" in the lurch.

Fortune Amassed

But gold rusher or not, Shively went to the gold fields and returned with a sack of gold with which he bought a $30,000 schooner engine in San Francisco.  His luck turned at this point, and while entering the mouth of the Rogue river, the ship he and his engine were aboard was wrecked and Shively "lost all".

Shively married a second time while hobnobbing back east with President Polk. When he died April 4, 1893, at the age of 89, in an Astoria hospital after several years of illness, the property he conveyed to a son was worth about $200,000.  It's probably worth 100 times that today because his claim lay right in the heart of the Astoria business area.

Astorians have long admired Shively because he stood off the British encroachments, but they have long since grown tired of his survey work.

Shively laid the town out with theoretical streets running straight up impossible bluffs and hills.  Early settlers actually built some of the streets this way, creating problems that the city was still trying to solve as late as five years ago when they completed a new survey of the city.

In Descendants of Henry and Mary Banta Shively by Lottie Compton McDowell, 1972, Page 12 is the following genealogy information:

John M. Shively, son of Henry and Mary Banta Shively, was born 2 April 1804 Shelby County, Kentucky.  Apparently, he spent some time in Orange County, Indiana, as old letters reveal he taught school in Stampers Creek Township before 1832.  He is found listed in the 1832 City Directory of Louisville, Kentucky, where he had a dry goods store, known as Shain and Shively, located on north side of Market Street and north of Fourth Street.

He married Martha Ann Johnson, daughter of William F. Johnson, 25 December 1836 (Marriage Book 2--page 157) Jefferson County, Kentucky.  William F. Johnson is listed in the 1832 City Directory of Louisville, as having a grocery store on the corner of Jefferson and Preston Streets.  Due to financial difficulties, the dry goods store failed. John M. moved to Saint Louis, Missouri, where Martha Ann died in November 1842, while giving birth to twin daughters.

In April of 1843, John M. Shively decided to go to Oregon.  He left his small son, Charles W., with his Aunt Sarah and made up a wagon train for the trek to Oregon, leaving Independence, Missouri the first of April 1843, and arriving in Oregon the 12th of October of that same year (Reference--"Personal account of his trip to Oregon" edited by Ralph E. Pinnick, 1971). ....."I made up a company of 120 wagons and 560 souls to go to Oregon."

On arriving in Oregon, he did survey work in Oregon City, where he met Dr. John McLoughlin, the Hudson's Bay Company chief, at Fort Vancouver, Washington. McLoughlin told him of Old Astoria and of the unclaimed land there.  Late in the autumn of 1843, he arrived in Astoria, then occupied by Hudon's Bay Company, with James Birnie in charge. He set about surveying lines for a donation land claim.  They ordered him to leave, but he refused to do so.  His claim extended from what is now 13th Street or the east side of the Bay.

While John M. Shively was in Washington City helping with negotiations for the purchase of the Oregon Territory, he met and married Susan Elliott, daughter of Judge Elliott, in 1847, and she returned to Astoria with him, along with his son, Charles W., who had been living with his Aunt Sarah.  John M. and Susan were divorced, but remarried 2 May 1859 in Astoria.  Susan died in 1883 and John M. died 4 April 1893 in Astoria.

John M. Shively From Kentucky To Missouri And On To Oregon

There are numerous accounts recorded regarding the life of John M. Shively. From the Orgegon Encyclopedia, written by Susan Badger Doyle, is the record that "John M. Shively was an Oregon pioneer who was active in terriorial affairs as a businessman, lobbyist, postmaster, surveyor, and gold seeker. He was born April 2, 1804, in Shelby County, Kentucky.  He taught school and opened a dry goods store before marrying Martha Meade Johnson in 1836.  In the Panic of 1837, he lost five stores that he had built in St. Louis, and he became a surveyor.  When his wife died in 1842, the decided to go to Oregon.

As a promoter for immigration to Oregon, Shively enlisted 300 people to travel with him.  After failing for receive military protection for the journey from the U.S. Congress and losing the confidence of almost all of his fellow travelers, the left St. Louis in spring 1843 with six others.  At Independence, Missouri, he joined the large train that made the first great migration to Oregon.  When they reached Fort Hall, Shively was one of thirty who broke off from the rest and made an unsuccessful attempt to find a more direct route to the Willamette Valley.  They rejoined the main train at Fort Boise and arrived at Fort Vancouver, by way of Whitman mission and the Dalles, in October.

In 1844, Shively settled on a land claim at Astoria and laid out a town, but the Hudson's Bay Company disputed his claim and forced him to leave the area.  In April 1845, he travled east on the Oregon Trail to St. Louis and then to Washington, D.C., where he lived for more than a year.  While there, he participated in the Northwest boundary negotiations, lobbied for mail service to Oregon, and published a guidebook, Route and Distances to Oregon and California (1846), which includes general advice to emigrants.

In March 1847, the U.S. Postmaster General appointed Shively postmaster of Astoria, the first postmaster west of the Rocky Mountains.  That summer, he and his second wife, Susan Eliott, traveled to Astoria, carrying the first U.S. mail overland to Oregon.  He served as postmaster and justice of the peace in Astoria until he was lured to California by the gold rush in 1849.  On his return voyage home the next year, he lost all his earnings in a shipwreck and then learned that he had been replaced as postmaster.  From 1851 to 1854, he served as Clatsop County surveyor and road commissioner.

When gold was discovered in southern Oregon in the early 1850s, Shively left for the goldfields and made a good deal of money at Shively's Gulch near Jacksonville.  He eventually returned to Astoria to administer his extensive properties there.  His wife, Susan died in 1883.  Shively died ten years later, on April 4, 1893, after spending five years bedridden in an Astoria hospital."

The following information was extracted from The Weekly Herald, August 30, 1845, Page 278, Column 6:

Very Interesting News From Oregon.--Another Revolution Probable In California.--We received by yesterday's Western mail the following late and interesting intelligence from California and Oregon.

According to the advices, there is likely to be another revolution in California, and that the emigrants to Oregon are making fine progress--fine for a trip through uninhabited regions.

[From The Western (MO) Expositor, Aug 6.]

A company arrived here on Thursday last, part of whom were from Oregon, and the rest from California.--The parties met in the wilderness on their way in, and then came here together.  Mr. J. M. Shively, from Oregon, informs us that he left October on the 19th of April last.  He states that the settlers have a fine prospect for an abundant crop this year; and that they were making ample preparations to have every thing necessary for the emigration which went out the present year.  He informs us that he met the advance party of the Oregon emigrants who went out this year on the 9th of July last at Green River, about 200 miles this side of Fort Hall.  The emigrants were travelling in detached parties, the last of whom he met only one day's travel beyond Fort Laramie.  Nothing had occurred to them on their route worthy of particular notice.  They were all well supplied with an abundance of provisions and their stock and teams had stood the trip exceedingly well, with the exception of their horses.  These he states were poor, and seemed much jaded and exhausted.  There was no sickness of any kind amongst the emigrants.  He states that the number of cattle was immense.  The emigrants numbered about 2375 souls, large and small.

Owing to recent disturbances in Oregon with the Wallawalla Indians, it was anticipated that the emigrants would be harrassed by them on their route.  They were advised however, of this anticipated attack, and intended gathering at For Hall in sufficient numbers to repel any attack that might be meditated against them.  Mr. Shively is of opinion that the settlers in Oregon will have disturbances with the Indians during the coming winter, but nothing serious was apprehended from this unexpected outbreak.

He states than many of the settlers are in favor of organizing an independent government, thinking themselves too far from the United States for protection unless the American government would act with more promptness and decision than it has done heretofore.

Major M. Harris, better known there as "black Harris", was in Oregon and engaged in hunting a better road than the one now travelled from Fort Hall to Oregon city.

Mr. Shively brought a large number of letters for the different sections of the United States.

From Mr. Sappington, who left California on the 4th of April last, we have confirmation of the recent revolution which has been published heretofore.  The citizens of the country have appointed a Governor of their own, but it was anticipated that another revolution would take place, and that the old government would be re-established.  He brings no other news of particular importance.

On yesterday evening another small company, under the superintendance of Mr. L. W. Hastings, left our place for California.  They seem to be men of the right stamp for such an undertaking, and leave right willingly for the plains.  Apparently regardless of all dangers, they venture forward bouyed up with hopes of success, and stimulated to deeds of daring, by the desire of bettering their condition and that of their friends who have gone before them.  The season of the year for such a jaunt, is unusually late; but they seem to think not, and appear determined to show to the world, that nothing need prove an obstacle to our crossing the plains.  Success to them. Below we give the names of the company and their residence:

Lanisford W. Hastings, (Captain), San Francisco, California; Dr. R. Semple, Alton, Ill, (6 ft., 8 in. high); O. S. Burnham, Cincinnati, Ohio; J. Nash, South Alabama; A. H. Crosby, Lexington, Mo.;  W. N. Loker, T. Merange, St. Louis, Mo.; T. E. Robbins, St. Charles, Mo.; J. Bristol, N.Y. City; C. Venerable, Hagerstown, Md; J. G. Ward, R Rankin, Springfield, Ill; N. B. Smith, H. Downing, J. B. Stebbins, P. Mendenhall, H. C. Smith, St. Josephs, Mich.; J. A. Simpson, C. Carroll, S. Bancroft, P. S. Phillips, A. Little, T. F. Waters, Iowa.